Bitcoin: Exact witness requirements for a segwit transaction with P2PKH and P2WPKH inputs

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Understanding Bitcoin Transaction Requirements: Precise Witness for Segwit Transactions

Bitcoin’s move to Segregated Witness (Segwit) has introduced significant changes to the way transactions are verified and validated on the network. One of the key features of Segwit is its ability to mix inputs, allowing for more complex transaction structures and reducing reliance on traditional payment processors.

However, when it comes to creating a raw Segwit transaction without segwit inputs, the question may arise as to whether such a construct is feasible. In this article, we will examine the requirements for precise witness (precise) transactions, examine how they can be constructed, and discuss whether it is possible to create a raw Segwit transaction without segwit inputs.

What are Exact Witness Transactions?

Exact Witness Transactions (EWTs) are Bitcoin transactions that contain exactly one input from an unconfirmed or partially confirmed sender. The remaining amount is spent entirely on the destination address, making EWTs suitable for microtransactions and smaller deposits.

In the context of Segwit, Exact Witness Transactions can be created using inputs from both Segwit and non-Segwit addresses. This allows for greater flexibility in transaction design, allowing users to create complex payment flows that were not possible with traditional payment processors.

Building a Raw Segwit Transaction Without Segwit Inputs

To build a raw Segwit transaction without Segwit inputs, we need to consider the following:

• Segwit and non-segwit input requirements: A raw Segwit transaction must have at least one input from an unconfirmed or partially confirmed sender (segwit), and the amount spent on that destination address is considered valid.

• P2PKH and P2WPKH inputs: In our build, either P2PKH (public key hash, public key only) or P2WPKH (private key hash, private key only) inputs will be required for the non-segwit sender account.

• Accurate attestation requirements

  : The transaction must accurately verify that all input amounts have been spent on the destination address.

Given these constraints, one possible construction of a raw Segwit transaction without segwit inputs could be as follows:

Input 1:

P2WPKH input from an unconfirmed sender (e.g. “0.0001 BTC” or “10 satoshis”)

Input 2: Segwit output from the same sender’s account, with a value of zero (0) and no private key hash or only a public key (i.e. “0x00…”)

The resulting transaction will have two inputs:

• A P2WPKH input to an unconfirmed sender

• A segwit output to the same sender

Transaction Structure

Here is a simplified example of how this construction can be represented in Bitcoin’s raw transaction format:

0.0001 BTC 00... (unconfirmed sender)
+------+ +------+
| P2WPKH | | segwit output
+------+ +------+
|
| (x10 satoshi spent on target address)

Conclusion

While it is technically possible to create a raw Segwit transaction without segwit inputs, this requires careful consideration of the exact witness requirements and input formats. In practice, this approach may not be feasible due to limitations of the Bitcoin protocol and potential input validation issues.

In summary, creating a raw Segwit transaction without segwit inputs requires creative input combinations that balance the need for accurate witness transactions with practicality and compliance with the Bitcoin protocol. As the network continues to evolve, it will be essential to refine these requirements and explore new approaches to accommodate more complex transaction structures.

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